American and Japanese scientists win 2025 Nobel Prize in medicine

Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi have won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discoveries of peripheral immune tolerance, the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute announced on Monday.
Two US-based scientists and their Japanese colleagues, Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi, have won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

The three were honored for their “innovative discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body,” the institute said in a statement. Officially known as the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the honor has been awarded 115 times to 229 Nobel laureates between 1901 and 2024.

Last year's prize was shared by two American scientists, Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun, for their discovery of microRNA, tiny pieces of genetic material that serve as on-and-off switches inside cells that help control what cells do and when they do it.

The Nobel Prize announcements continue with physics on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday and literature on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced on Friday, while the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences will be announced next Monday.

The awards ceremony will be held on December 10, the anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel, a wealthy Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite who founded the prizes. He died in 1896.

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