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The SP and the DP have created an unshakable Nash equilibrium.

2026-09-09 18:35:00 / IDE NGA FITIM ZEKTHI
The SP and the DP have created an unshakable Nash equilibrium.

By Fitim Zekthi

The political situation in Albania has been in a stable, almost stationary state for a long time. This does not mean that the situation is good, on the contrary, the situation is terribly bad and continues to deteriorate. The deterioration has to do with deep corruption, the continuous destruction of the rule of law and freedoms, the collapse of the separation of powers or the breakdown of the administration, etc.

Despite this difficult situation, we have an unusual stability. The Socialist Party and the Democratic Party are the two major parties that completely dominate the parliamentary majority and minority and the entire political life of the country. Even a rare protest, representing almost all strata of society, especially young people and professionals, people with no demonstrated party affiliation, has not managed to disrupt this deep stability.

Years ago, the famous mathematician John Nash, writing about number theory and its implications for game theory, said that there are certain situations when different human, political, or social states fall into a very strong equilibrium.
He said that this equilibrium occurs when the parties in the game, two states, two parties, two specific entities, do not change the strategy they have chosen in the game between them, because by changing the strategy they both lose. Thus, they strongly defend the strategy they are implementing.

He said that entities or parties A and B each choose the strategy they think is best for them. A can choose confrontation and B compromise, and in this case B generally loses. A can choose compromise and B confrontation and B wins, and so on. It may be that they each choose compromise and reach a very strong equilibrium, but they can also reach a very strong equilibrium by choosing confrontation.

Once they reach this equilibrium they are afraid to change strategy because they think that changing strategy might cause them to lose. They don't want to take risks, even though they don't both win equally, even though A might win more than B, even though B might be going to a slow death or vice versa.

This is exactly what is happening with our political situation. Prime Minister Rama and the SP have chosen a certain political strategy to maintain power. This strategy involves making every effort to prevent the emergence of new political forces, strengthening SPAK, investigating crime and corruption, and the legitimacy of the two-party system SP-PD, where the PD must remain under the old 36-year-old narrative and leadership. Rama and the SP fight every day not to change this strategy, they try to make only superficial changes that in essence also seek to maintain this balance. Every effort by SPAK, by certain opposition movements, by society to change this situation is faced with the SP's fight to maintain this situation.

The Democratic Party, for its part, has chosen a strategy that involves fighting any attempt by SPAK to investigate crime and corruption, and fighting any new political grouping or flow that could disrupt the balance. The
Nash equilibrium is almost perfect. The SP and the DP do not change their strategy because each knows that by changing the strategy, they will both lose.

No one is interested in change or the idea that with change each party can gain more. During these three or four years there have been attempts to disrupt the Nash equilibrium, especially by SPAK and international pressure. SPAK and international pressure shook the equilibrium, but managed to disrupt it. The struggle of SPAK and the internationals has likely tempered, made even stronger the elasticity and resistance of the Nash equilibrium, an equilibrium that keeps an SP in continuous power and a DP in continuous opposition and in a shattered state of institutions, the rule of law and the dominance of corruption.

The only danger to this equilibrium comes from entropy, from aging, from the constant expenditure of energy by the parties to maintain the “natural” state of this equilibrium. They cannot escape entropy, neither Rama nor Berisha can escape it. They themselves have chosen to be subjects of this terrible grip like entropy, choosing to survive from the Nash equilibrium.
Another danger, increasingly weakened, is the EU and international pressure. It too is there along with entropy. This equilibrium does not have another danger today./ Mapo

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