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Was the desert once a sea? Scientists' discovery in Egypt's dunes raises new doubts
2026-09-01 09:48:00 / MISTERE&KURIOZITETE
A paleontological discovery in the Egyptian desert is giving scientists new insights into the marine life that existed in the region millions of years ago. In the Abu Tartur Plateau, about 650 kilometers from Cairo, a team of paleontologists has found 14 fossilized shark teeth dating back to the late Cretaceous period.
The study was led by Tarek Yassin, from Cairo University. Analysis of the fossils showed that the teeth belonged to at least five different species of prehistoric sharks.
Two of these species had not previously been identified in Egypt, while one of them may be the first documented evidence of its presence on the African continent.
The discovery helps reconstruct the environment that existed in this area tens of millions of years ago. At that time, the territory that is now a desert was part of a marine environment and had suitable conditions for a rich ecosystem.
The presence of several species of sharks indicates that there was a developed food chain in these waters, from the smallest fish to the largest predators.
The Abu Tartur Plateau was located near the edge of the continental shelf. The position may have helped bring nutrients from deep waters, while phosphate deposits in the area are another indication of rich marine conditions.
Shark teeth are among the most valuable fossils for studying these animals. Sharks have skeletons made primarily of cartilage, which is rarely preserved in the fossil record. Teeth, because of their stronger structure, can survive and fossilize for millions of years.
Even Megalodon, one of the largest known sharks, has been studied mainly through fossilized teeth, as no complete skeleton of this species has been found.
Sharks have an evolutionary history of about 450 million years. Fossils discovered in Egypt show that today's desert was once a completely different world, with seas and a rich biodiversity.
For researchers, these fossils are part of a picture that helps understand extinct marine ecosystems and how species have adapted to changes on the planet over millions of years.
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