FLASH NEWS
Know the limits! Drinking too much water can be life-threatening
2024-07-16 10:09:13 / MISTERE&KURIOZITETE
Water is essential for life. It makes up about 60% of the human body and plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, including temperature regulation, joint lubrication and nutrient transport.
However, while staying hydrated is important, consuming excessive amounts of water can be dangerous and even fatal. This condition is known as water intoxication or hyponatremia.
Water intoxication occurs when the balance of electrolytes in the body is disturbed by the rapid intake of a large amount of water. The kidneys, which normally filter excess fluid, can only process a certain amount of water per hour. When this threshold is exceeded, excess water dilutes the sodium in the bloodstream, leading to a condition known as hyponatremia.
The role of sodium in the body
Sodium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate water balance in and around cells, and is vital for muscle and nerve function. In a normal state, the concentration of sodium in the blood is kept within a narrow range. When this balance is disrupted by excessive water intake, the diluted sodium can cause cells to swell, leading to various symptoms and potentially serious complications.
The amount of water to drink
The amount of water that can cause "intoxication" varies depending on several factors, including an individual's size, age, and general health. In general, the kidneys can excrete about 0.8 to 1.0 liters of water per hour. Consuming water at a significantly higher rate than this can overwhelm the body's ability to maintain electrolyte balance.
Risk factors
-Endurance athletes: Long-distance runners, cyclists, and triathletes who consume large amounts of water during and after events are at a higher risk.
-Some medical conditions: Individuals with kidney problems or those taking medications that increase water retention (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or some antidepressants) are more susceptible.
-Psychological factors: Conditions such as psychogenic polydipsia, where individuals have an uncontrollable urge to drink water, can lead to excessive consumption.
-Environmental factors: High temperatures and humid conditions can prompt individuals to drink more water, potentially leading to an excess intake.
Early signs of water intoxication may be non-specific and may include:
-Nausea and vomiting
-Headache
-Confusion and disorientation
-Swelling of hands, feet or lips
-Severe symptoms
As the condition progresses and sodium levels fall further, more severe symptoms may occur:
-Muscle weakness, cramps or spasms
-Convulsions
-Unconsciousness
-Coma
-Death, in extreme cases
-Diagnosis
Water intoxication is usually diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests. Blood tests are used to measure the concentration of sodium and other electrolytes. In cases of hyponatremia, sodium levels are usually below 135 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).
-Treatment and Prevention
-Medication
-Immediate medical attention: Severe cases of water intoxication require immediate medical attention to prevent life-threatening complications.
-Fluid restriction: Patients may be advised to restrict fluid intake until sodium levels normalize.
-Electrolyte replacement: Intravenous (IV) administration of saline solutions can help restore electrolyte balance in the body.
-Medications: In some cases, medications can be prescribed that increase urine production or correct electrolyte imbalances.
Preventing
-Know your limits: Be aware of how much water your body can handle, especially during physical activity.
-Balanced hydration: Drink water at a steady rate and consider consuming beverages that contain electrolytes, such as sports drinks, during prolonged exercise.
-Listen to your body: Pay attention to the signs of overhydration and stop drinking water if you start to feel bloated or nauseous.
-Consult a professional: If you have underlying health conditions or take medications that affect water balance, consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
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