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Greenland: The story of the icy island! Why Donald Trump wants to make it his in 2025
2025-03-14 13:11:18 / BOTA
Greenland, the world's largest island, has for centuries been a remote and mysterious territory, covered in ice and inhabited by indigenous peoples who have survived in harsh conditions. But despite its cold and unforgiving landscape, this territory has always been in the sights of great powers.
In 2019, then-US President Donald Trump made a surprising statement: he wanted to buy Greenland. The request sparked a backlash from Denmark, the country that administers the island, but it wasn't the first time the US had expressed interest in the territory.
With the 2024 elections approaching and Trump's re-election, the debate over Greenland's future returned with high intensity.
This article will explore the history of Greenland, its geopolitical and economic importance, previous attempts to purchase it, and the reasons why Donald Trump may renew this ambition in 2025.
1. History of Greenland: From the Eskimos to the Danish Empire
Greenland has been inhabited for more than 4,500 years, initially by Inuit peoples, who lived by hunting and fishing in extreme conditions.
In 982, the Norse explorer Eric the Red settled in Greenland after being expelled from Iceland, establishing a Viking colony that survived for several centuries. However, around the 15th century, the Viking colony disappeared for reasons that are still unclear.
In the 18th century, Denmark reestablished control over the island, and in 1814, with the Treaty of Kiel, Greenland was officially recognized as a Danish territory. For decades, the island was kept isolated from the world, until during World War II, the US established its military bases on Greenland territory, giving it an important strategic role in the global conflict.
In 1953, Greenland became an equal part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but in 1979, it gained a high degree of autonomy and internal governance. Today, while Denmark controls foreign policy and defense, Greenland has its own local government that administers internal affairs.
2. Why is Greenland so important geopolitically?
Despite having a population of only around 56,000, Greenland is a territory of exceptional importance for several reasons:
a) Rich Natural Resources
Greenland is rich in rare minerals, including uranium, iron, gold, and rare earths that are essential for the technological and military industries.
Furthermore, climate change has led to the melting of glaciers, revealing natural resources that were previously inaccessible. This has made Greenland a major target for investment and economic exploitation.
b) Strategic military position
During the Cold War, Greenland was a key point for NATO and the US, due to its location between America and Europe.
Thule Air Base, built by the US in 1951, remains one of the most important points of missile surveillance and space security. For the US, control of Greenland would ensure strategic dominance in the Arctic, where Russia and China are increasing their military and economic presence.
c) Arctic sea routes
Climate change has opened new sea routes in the Arctic region, allowing ships to pass through and shortening trade distances between America, Europe and Asia.
Whoever controls Greenland will have a tremendous advantage in global trade and international transportation.
3. Why does Trump want to make Greenland American in 2025?
In August 2019, Donald Trump announced that he wanted to buy Greenland from Denmark, sparking strong international backlash. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen called the idea “absurd,” while Trump called it “disgusting” and canceled a planned visit to Copenhagen.
However, why is Trump so interested in Greenland?
a) Control over natural resources
If Greenland were to become part of the US, Washington would have direct access to a vast mineral wealth, reducing dependence on China for rare metals used in modern technology.
b) Strengthening American dominance in the Arctic
With Russia and China's growing influence in the region, the US aims to maintain its strategic advantage. An American Greenland would give Trump a huge geopolitical victory.
c) A populist movement for the electorate
Trump returned to power in 2025 and he could use the idea of buying Greenland as a symbol of American power, presenting himself as the leader expanding US territory, just like when Alaska was purchased in 1867.
4. Is it possible for the US to annex Greenland?
Although Trump has openly expressed his desire for Greenland, purchasing the island faces several major obstacles:
Denmark and the local government of Greenland have flatly rejected the idea.
The population of Greenland wants more autonomy, not to become part of another country.
Historical and cultural ties with Denmark are strong.
Purchasing such territory is not common practice in the 21st century.
But, given the US's economic and strategic interest, the Greenland debate will not end anytime soon.
Greenland has always been a remote and cold land, but in the 21st century it has become one of the hottest spots in world politics. Will this be the last time the US tries to take over this territory? History has shown that it won't.
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